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| Linguistics - page 3 |
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| No.
60 |
| ISBN
978-90-73782-93-8 |
| 268 pp. |
| Leiden
1997 |
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| OUT
OF PRINT |
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| Hittite
Neuter Singular - Neuter Plural. Some evidence for a connection |
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| Anna
Prins |
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The
Hittite language was spoken in what is now Turkey from
approximately the 17th century B.C. - 1190 B.C. The language
formed part of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European
language family, to which almost all languages in Europe
belong.
In Indo-European historical linguistics the position of
Hittite is controversial. As it is the oldest recorded
Indo-European language, one might conclude that Hittite
must resemble Proto-Indo-European (PIE) more closely than
the other Indo-European languages do. However, Hittite
lacks many grammatical categories many other Indo-European
languages possess, or have at one time possessed. The
problem Hittite offers to Indo-European linguists can
be formulated thus: did prehistoric Hittite ever possess
those grammatical categories or did it lose them at an
early date?
This study deals with one of these grammatical categories,
viz. the status of the nominative/accusative neuter plural.
Indo-European languages often have a nominative/accusative
neuter plural, the ending which is generally agreed to
have been PIE *-(e)h2. In most Indo-European languages
this ending has developed into -a. Hittite is an exception,
because its nominative/accusative neuter plural only rarely
ends in -a (or what can be considered to be the reflex
of -(e)h2) and does not have a separate nominative/accusative
neuter plural form. Thus, in a number of cases the nominative/accusative
neuter seems to be indifferent to number.
In this study the central issue is whether or not prehistoric
Hittite possessed a nominative/accusative neuter plural.
I conclude that there is not much unavoidable evidence
that prehistoric Hittite indeed has had a nominative/
accusative neuter plural.
(In English, 268 pp. incl. bibliography)
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| No.
55 |
| ISBN
978-90-73782-84-6 |
| 180 pp. |
| Leiden
1997 |
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| OUT
OF PRINT |
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| Form
and Function of Pitch Movements in Indonesian |
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| Ewald
Ebing |
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Form
and function of pitch movements in Indonesian applies
the method of analysis-by-synthesis to the intonation,
or speech melody, of Standard Indonesian. The primary
aim of this study was the construction of a phonetically
explicit, and experimentally verifiable, intonation model.
After an introductory chapter on the language and a literature
survey, a number of phonetic experiments are reported,
in which acoustic and perceptual speech processing techniques
were used to analyze and model the intonation patterns
of human speakers. The results were experimentally evaluated
in terms of both formal and functional adequacy. For the
first method, Indonesian listeners compared the acceptability
of model-generated intonation contours with original melodies
produced by a human speaker. The second approach concentrated
on two major functions of intonation: accentuation (the
highlighting of important syllables, words or phrases)
and prosodic boundary marking (the demarcation of coherent
groups of words within an utterance). Finally, the author
discusses possible applications in the fields of education
and speech technology.
(In English, 180 pp.)
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| No.
48 |
| ISBN
978-90-73782-73-0 |
| 452 pp. |
| Leiden
1996 |
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| OUT
OF PRINT |
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| Common
West Caucasian. The Reconstruction of its Phonological
System and Parts of its Lexicon and Morphology |
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| Viacheslav
A. Chirikba |
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This book deals with the reconstruction of Common West
Caucasian, the postulated proto-language of the West Caucasian
(Abkhazo-Adyghean) languages, Abkhaz, Circassian and the
recently extinct Ubykh. The book contains a synchronous
description of the phonetic systems of all West Caucasian
dialects and presents intermediary reconstructions of
the Proto-Abkhaz, Proto-Circassian and Proto-Ubykh phonemic
systems. The reconstructed intermediary proto-languages
serve as a basis for the reconstruction of Common West
Caucasian. Besides phonology, the book deals also with
certain aspects of the morphology (nominal and verbal
affixation, ablaut) and the lexicon of Common West Caucasian.
Finally, the author touches upon the problem of the external
relations of Common West Caucasian, namely, with the East
Caucasian (or Nakh-Daghestanian) languages, and with the
long extinct Hattic language of ancient Asia Minor (early
second millennium B.C.).
(In English, 452 pp.)
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| No.
43 |
| ISBN
978-90-73782-60-0 |
| 280 pp. |
| Leiden
1996 |
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| OUT
OF PRINT |
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| Etude
comparative des langues ngiri de l'entre Ubangi-Zaire |
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| Motingea
Mangulu |
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Le livre est une étude comparative du point de
vue phonétique et grammatical d'un groupe de langues
bantoues parlées au nord-ouest du Zaîre entre
la rivière Ubangi et le Fleuve. C'est dans cette
région qu'on situe l'origine du lingala. La comparaison,
basée principalement sur de brèves esquisses
antérieurement élaborées pour la
plupart par l'auteur, débouche sur la reconstruction
d'une langue ancestrale nommée ici proto-ngiri
par référence à la rivière
Ngiri qui traverse l'aire géographique considérée.
La comparaison phonologique procède par l'examen
des correspondances dans diverses catégories de
sons. Elle tient compte en outre de leur position à
l'intérieur de la racine. La comparaison morphologique,
éclarée par l'évolution phonologique,
s'efforce avant tout de reconstituer le système
de classes et d'accord. Sont ensuite examinés historiquement
les adjectifs, les formes pronominales et les morphèmes
verbaux avec un essai de reconstruction de principaux
tiroirs de conjugaison. La recherche des innovations en
vue d'aboutir à une sous-classification généalogique
fait découvrir que certaines langues concernées
par la comparaison n'appartiennent pas génétiquement
au groupe de langues ngiri. C'est le cas du lingombe et
de petits parlers localisés à l'extrême
nord-ouest du domaine. Les vrais locuteurs issus de la
communauté dont la protolangue est établie
ici sont les Riverains qui se subdivisent en deux principales
sous-branches: les Motembo et les Bobangi.
Dans une dernière partie de l'etude est présentée
à titre de spécimen l'esquisse d'une langue
ngiri, le mpundza. Un lexique proto-ngiri, un index français-proto-ngiri
de même qu'un vocabulaire comparé de dix
langues ngiri sont repris en annexe.
(In French, 280 pp.) |
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| No.
40 |
| ISBN
978-90-73782-57-0 |
| 414 pp. |
| Leiden
1996 |
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| OUT
OF PRINT |
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| The
Kana Language |
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| Suanu
M. Ikoro |
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The
Kana Language is the first exhaustive description
of Kana, a Cross River language spoken in the north-eastern
fringe of Ogoniland in south-eastern Nigeria. The variety
represented here is the Babbe dialect, based on the author's
speech as a native speaker of Kana.
The book covers the phonological, morphological and syntactic
features of Kana. Sound symbolism, focus and question
phenomena are also described. A major problem in the description
of Cross River languages is the consonant systems of these
languages. The present author argues that an analysis
which accepts morphological information in the description
of Kana consonants is superior to one that rejects such
information. In the sections on morphology and syntax,
the author shows that even though Kana cannot be described
as an agglutinative language, an earlier morphology of
this type seems reconstructable. Furthermore, the author
argues that in Kana, transitivity should be viewed as
a continuum instead of the traditional 2merolladichotomy
of transitive versus intransitive verbs.
A significant part of the study is the discovery of a
productive system of numeral classifiers, contrary to
popular views that only noun classes, and not numeral
classifiers, occur in African languages.
Discussing data from various parts of Kana grammar, the
book is of interest to the Africanist as well as a general
linguistic readership.
(In English, 414 pp.)
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| No.
32 |
| ISBN
978-90-73782-39-6 |
| 508 pp. |
| Leiden
1995 |
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| OUT
OF PRINT |
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| Form
and Meaning in Fulfulde. A morphophonological study of
Maasinankoore |
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| Johanna
O. Breedveld |
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Form
and Meaning in Fulfulde describes the sound structure
and word formation processes of Fulfulde based on the
data of the Maasina dialect (Mali) with comparative data
from other dialects including Ringimaaji (Cameroon).
Both Maasinankoore and Ringimaajiire - the dialects on
which the author's fieldwork was based - are not commonly
studies varieties of Fulfulde. In the first part of the
book the author sheds new light on some characteristic
features of Fulfulde phonology such as word stress, consonant
alternation, and vowel length and its interaction with
syllable structure and stress.
In the second part, the author reviews the structure of
verbs and their extensions, and presents new and innovative
analyses of the nominal class marker system (the suffix
grades and the noun classes) of Fulfulde. She argues that
the behaviour of the different variants of each class
marker is constrained by semantic principles rather than
by the lexical nature, phonotactic or syllable structure
of the stem as other linguists have traditionally argued.
The author also looks in detail at the semantics of the
individual 22 classes in Maasina and explores the principles
and cultural foundations of the semantic associations
among the members of each class. For instance, the author
explains how one can account for the treatment of cows,
fire and sun as members of the same class in terms of
prototype semantics and from cultural ideas about these
entities and their relationships recoverable in part from
Fulbe mythology.
(In English, 508 pp., incl. photogr. and figs.) |
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| No.
29 |
| ISBN
978-90-73782-34-1
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| 118 pp. |
| Leiden
1995 |
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| OUT
OF PRINT |
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| Meaning
and syntax in spoken Mandarin |
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| Jeroen
Wiedenhof |
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The
basis of this work is a collection of Mandarin Chinese
dialogues recorded on tape and transcribed so as to constitute
a spoken corpus of 5,000 sentences. Using examples from
this corpus, the author discusses several issues in the
analysis of spoken Mandarin. The main purpose of the work
is to demonstrate the viability of a data-oriented approach
to syntax and semantics. In this approach, both the way
people talk and what they talk about are relevant for
the linguistic description. The procedures and terms used
in the analyses are introduced step by step without assuming
more than an everyday familiarity with linguistic terminology.
(In English, 118 pp.) |
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| For
addenda and corrigenda see Jeroen Wiedenhof's
webpage |
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| No.
26 |
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| 112 pp. |
| Leiden
1995 |
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OUT
OF PRINT
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| Een eerste grammaticale verkenning van het Bumthang, een taal van midden-Bhutan (met een overzicht van de talen en volkeren van Bhutan) |
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| George
van Driem |
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De eerste helft van dit boek is een grammaticale beschrijving
van het Bumthang, met zo'n 30.000 sprekers een belangrijke
regionale taal van het Himalaya-koninkrijk Bhutan. Het
Bumthang behoort tot de archaïsche Oost-Bodische
tak van de Tibeto-Birmaanse taalfamilie. Deze verkenning
beschrijft de meest in het oog springende grammaticale
bijzonderheden in de vier hoofddialecten van de taal,
waarbij de nadruk is gelegd op de klank- en vormleer.
Ook zijn er een bescheiden woordenlijst en een beschrijving
van de verwantschapsterminologie toegevoegd.
De Leidse taalkundige George van Driem heeft deze studie
in Midden-Bhutan uitgevoerd in opdracht van de Bhutanese
overheid. Krachtens het protocol zal een uitgebreider
Engelstalige versie van deze taalbeschrijving pas na het
verschijnen van de tweede, herziene uitgave van de grammatica
van de nationale taal, het Dzongkha, kunnen worden uitgebracht.
De tweede helft van het boek biedt een overzicht van de
inheemse talen van Bhutan die George van Driem eveneens
in opdracht van de Bhutanese overheid in kaart heeft gebracht.
De hier geboden taalkundige informatie over Bhutan en
zijn inwoners wordt met het verschijnen van het boek voor
het eerst in het Westen toegankelijk gemaakt.
(In Dutch, 112 pp., ill.)
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| No.
21 |
| ISBN
978-90-73782-25-9 |
| 216 pp. |
| Leiden
1994 |
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| OUT
OF PRINT |
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| North-African
Names from Latin Sources |
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| Karel
Jongeling |
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North-African
Names from Latin Sources contains an alphabetical list
of names from North-African inscriptions and some historical
Latin texts. The book also contains names which are not
easily explained as of classical origin or which have
been explained as such by others. The choice was made
only on etymological grounds. As a result no names translated
from Semitic, like deodatus, nor Latin names special to
North Africa, like saturninus, were included. Names of
Semitic origin are explained in the introductory chapter.
In the same chapter the characteristics of Libyan names
are discussed. The main body of the book consists of a
catalogue of names, with references to the texts in which
they are found, references to related names, and some
remarks on points not covered in the introductory chapter.
All names quoted from other sources, including Semitic
and Libyan inscriptions, are listed in an appendix. The
book is completed by geographical information on all inscriptions
quoted. This will enable the student to use the book also
for the areal analysis of names and name elements, apart
from the etymological study which is the main purpose
of this book.
(In English, 216 pp.)
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